Rabbits are highly sociable, intelligent creatures that thrive in the company of their own kind. They form strong, often lifelong bonds with other rabbits and rely on that companionship for a sense of security, mental stimulation, and general wellbeing. Sadly, as with all animals, there comes a time when one rabbit may pass away, leaving the remaining companion alone and vulnerable.

For many rabbit owners, this is an emotionally difficult time—not just due to the loss of a beloved pet, but also because of the impact it has on the surviving rabbit. Understanding how your rabbit might respond and what you can do to help is vital to supporting their physical and emotional health during this transitional period.

Do Rabbits Understand Death?

It’s currently unknown whether rabbits comprehend death in the same way humans do. There has been limited scientific research in this area. However, it is clear from observation that the loss of a companion can cause noticeable behavioural changes in rabbits. This reaction is likely linked to the sudden absence of social interaction, rather than an awareness of death itself.

Some rabbits display clear signs of mourning, which can include lethargy, loss of appetite, depression, or increased anxiety. Others may become clingier towards their human companions as they seek comfort and reassurance.

Regardless of how your rabbit responds, it’s crucial to monitor their behaviour closely and respond appropriately.

Immediate Steps to Take When a Rabbit Dies

When one rabbit passes away, it’s natural to focus your attention on the loss. However, your remaining rabbit will also be processing the change, and your response can make a significant difference in helping them adjust.

Here’s what to do immediately after one of your rabbits dies:

• Allow the surviving rabbit to see the body: Some rabbit behaviourists suggest letting the remaining rabbit spend time with their deceased companion. This may help them understand that their friend is gone, and avoid distress caused by sudden disappearance. Supervise this carefully and only for a short period, it is suggested as soon as the rabbit moves away then remove the deceased companion.
• Monitor your rabbit closely: In the days following the death, look out for signs such as withdrawal, reduced appetite, listlessness, or uncharacteristic behaviour. Any indication that your rabbit is not eating or drinking should be taken seriously.
• Contact a rabbit-friendly vet if needed: Rabbits can deteriorate quickly when stressed or ill. If your rabbit becomes lethargic, refuses food, or seems unwell, seek veterinary advice without delay.

Common Behavioural Changes in Grieving Rabbits

The loss of a bonded partner can lead to subtle—or sometimes dramatic—changes in behaviour. Some of the most common include:

• Increased fearfulness or nervousness: Rabbits, as prey animals, feel more secure in the presence of their companions. Without that safety net, they may become jumpy or anxious.
• Clinginess or seeking more human interaction: Your rabbit may turn to you for comfort and company, especially if they’re used to constant companionship.
• Reduced activity and exploration: A rabbit that once enjoyed hopping about with their friend might seem less inclined to move or explore their surroundings.

Recognising these signs early allows you to support your rabbit more effectively as they grieve and adjust.

How to Support Your Rabbit After the Loss

1. Consider Finding a New Companion

The most effective way to support a rabbit who has lost their partner is to introduce a new, compatible companion. Human affection, while comforting, cannot replace the constant presence and interaction that another rabbit provides.

• Contact a reputable rescue centre: These organisations can help you find a suitable rabbit companion. Many centres also offer a bonding or “mixing” service, where your rabbit is introduced to potential partners in a neutral environment.
• Educate yourself on bonding: If you plan to bond rabbits yourself, read up on the best practices for rabbit introductions. Slow, careful introductions on neutral ground are essential to avoid conflict.

2. Create a Safe and Enriching Environment

While searching for a new companion, there are several ways you can help your lone rabbit feel secure and occupied:

• Provide plenty of hiding spaces: Having boxes, tunnels, and covered areas helps your rabbit feel safe, especially when they’re more prone to fearfulness after losing a companion.
• Keep them warm and comfortable: Add extra hay and soft bedding, particularly during colder weather, to help them feel snug and cared for.
• Stick to their normal routine: Routine provides stability. Try to keep feeding times, cleaning schedules, and interaction consistent.
• Offer enrichment: Scatter food to encourage foraging, use puzzle feeders, and rotate toys to stimulate their mind and prevent boredom.
• Spend more time with them: Sit quietly in their enclosure, talk to them, and offer hand-fed treats. Your presence can offer reassurance during this lonely time.

When to Introduce a New Rabbit

There’s no fixed timeline for introducing a new rabbit. Some rabbits seem to recover quickly and are ready to bond again within days or weeks, while others may need longer. Trust your instincts and the behaviour of your remaining rabbit to guide you.

Keep in mind:

• A healthy rabbit should not remain alone long-term.
• Wait until your rabbit is eating and behaving normally before attempting bonding.
• Consult with your vet to ensure your rabbit is physically healthy before introducing a new friend.

Final Thoughts

The loss of a rabbit is always difficult—for both you and the surviving rabbit. While your pet may not understand death in the human sense, they will almost certainly feel the absence of their companion. Your support during this time is vital.

By observing their behaviour, maintaining a calm and stable environment, and ultimately finding them a new friend, you can help your rabbit navigate this challenging period and return to a life of comfort, companionship, and happiness.